India’s Quantum Ecosystem: 2025 Landscape, Opportunities, and the Road Ahead

EasyChair Preprint 16004

Abstract

Quantum computing represents a transformative leap in computational capabilities, with significant implications for cryptography, optimization, and scientific discovery. As global investment in quantum technologies intensifies, India has emerged as a key player through strategic initiatives such as the National Quantum Mission (NQM), which allocated Rs.6,000 crore in 2023 to advance indigenous capabilities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of India’s quantum ecosystem as of 2025, spanning research institutions, industry involvement, government policy, and educational infrastructure. We trace the evolution from early quantum key distribution (QKD) experiments to current efforts in developing superconducting qubit processors and national QKD networks. Contributions from academic institutes (IISc, IITs), defense agencies (DRDO, ISRO), and private players (QNu Labs, TCS) are analyzed. Key challenges such as cryogenic infrastructure gaps, fabrication dependencies, and quantum talent outflow are discussed, alongside emerging opportunities in hybrid quantum-classical algorithm development and indigenous quantum hardware prototyping.

Keyphrases: National Quantum Mission, Quantum Computing India, quantum technologies

@booklet{EasyChair:16004,
  author    = {Kavin Uthamaraj},
  title     = {India’s Quantum Ecosystem: 2025 Landscape, Opportunities, and the Road Ahead},
  howpublished = {EasyChair Preprint 16004},
  year      = {EasyChair, 2025}}